Keragaman Genetik Aksesi Jewawut (Setaria italica L.) Indonesia Berdasarkan Penanda Mikrosatelit
Abstract
Jewawut (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) merupakan tanaman serealia minor dengan potensi strategis untuk ketahanan pangan dan diversifikasi nutrisi di era perubahan iklim. Meskipun Indonesia sebagai negara megabiodiversitas memiliki plasma nutfah jewawut yang beragam, keragaman genetik aksesi lokal masih belum terdokumentasi secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman genetik 11 aksesi jewawut Indonesia menggunakan 18 penanda mikrosatelit (SSR) yang tersebar pada 9 kromosom. DNA diekstraksi dari daun muda, diamplifikasi dengan PCR, dan dianalisis menggunakan elektroforesis poliakrilamida 8%. Kandungan informasi polimorfik (PIC) dihitung menggunakan formula Nei, analisis klaster dilakukan dengan metode UPGMA (NTSYS-pc 2.1), dan analisis kofenetik menggunakan Winboot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat polimorfisme yang sangat tinggi dengan nilai PIC rata-rata 0,79 (berkisar 0,67–0,99), dengan 83,3% penanda sangat informatif (PIC > 0,5). Koefisien kesamaan genetik berkisar 0,54–0,74, menghasilkan dua klaster utama: Klaster I (4 aksesi) dan Klaster II (7 aksesi). Jarak genetik antaraksesi berkisar 0,26–0,55, dengan pasangan terdekat TRSLB-WKNTK (0,26) dan terjauh TRBLW-TRSLB (0,55). Pola pengelompokan tidak sepenuhnya mengikuti asal geografis, mengindikasikan bahwa seleksi petani lokal dan adaptasi lingkungan lebih dominan membentuk struktur genetik. Aksesi TRSLB menunjukkan keunikan genetik tinggi sebagai sumber gen potensial. Keragaman genetik yang tinggi ini menyediakan peluang signifikan untuk pembentukan hibrida lokal adaptif, konservasi plasma nutfah berkelanjutan, dan program pemuliaan terarah yang mendukung diversifikasi pangan dan ketahanan pangan nasional.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arslan, M., Tezcan, E., Camcı, H. and Avcı, M.K., 2021. Effect of DNA Concentration on Band Intensity and Resolution in Agarose Gel Elec-trophoresis. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3), pp.326-333.
Abdurakhmonov IY. 2016. Microsatellite markers: Development and applications. In: Next generation sequencing technology and applications. Edited by Clark M. Woodhead Publishing, UK. pp. 229–255.
Andayani NN, Yasin HG, Pabendon MB. 2016. Keragaman genetik inbrida jagung QPM dan Provit-A berdasarkan marka SSRs. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 35(2): 133–140. DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v35n2.2016.p133-140.
Bhat, B.V., Rao, B.D. and Tonapi, V.A., 2018. The story of millets. Karnataka State Department of Agriculture, Benguluru, India & ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India, 58.
Bisoriya, A., Tripathi, M.K., Mishra, R., Parihar, P., Tripathi, N., Rajpoot, S.S. and Sharma, S., 2025. Integrative evaluation of pearl millet restorer lines for blast resistance using phenotypic screening and gene specific SSR markers. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 26(7-8), pp.322-339.
Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Sekelsky RH. 1980. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Am J Hum Genet 32(3): 314–331.
Brauner PC, Schipprack W, Utz HF, Bauer E, Mayer M, Schön CC. 2019. Testcross performance of doubled haploid lines from European flint maize landraces is promising for broadening the genetic base of elite germplasm. Theor Appl Genet 132: 1897–1908. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03325-0.
Cao K, Wang L, Zhu G, Fang W, Chen C, Luo J. 2012. Genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and association mapping analyses of peach (Prunus persica) landraces in China. Tree Genet Genomes 8: 975–990. DOI: 10.1007/s11295-012-0477-8.
Chandrasekara A, Naczk M, Shahidi F. 2012. Effect of processing on the antioxidant activity of millet grains. Food Chem 133(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.043.
Chander S, Bhat KV, Kumari R, Sen S, Gaikwad AB, Gowda MVC, Dikshit N. 2017. Analysis of spatial distribution of genetic diversity and validation of Indian foxtail millet core collection. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 23(3): 663–673. DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0448-5.
Dillon, W.R., and Goldstein, M. 1984. Multivariate analysis methods and applications. John Willey and Sons. p. 581.
du Plessis E, Granados GM, Barnes I, Ho WH, Alexander BJR, Roux J, McTaggart AR. 2019. The pandemic strain of Austropuccinia psidii causes myrtle rust in New Zealand and Singapore. Australas Plant Pathol 48(3): 253–256. DOI: 10.1007/s13313-019-0630-0.
Gupta S, Kumari K, Sahu PP, Vidapu S, Prasad M. 2012. Sequence-based novel genomic microsatellite markers for robust genotyping purposes in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]. Plant Cell Rep 31: 323–337. DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1168-x.
Harish, M.S., Bhuker, A. and Chauhan, B.S., 2024. Millet production, challenges, and opportunities in the Asia-pacific region: a comprehensive review. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, p.1386469.
Jorben, J., Singh, A.M., Satyavathi, C.T., Singhal, T. and Singh, S.P., 2024. SSR Markers based Diversity Analysis in Elite Genotypes of Pearl Millet. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 37(01), pp.39-46.
Kumari N, Prakash A, Tiwari P, Kumar A, Ranjan S, Ray P, Taku M, Rajendran A, Ramlal A. 2024. Origin, diversity, floral biology, pollination, and genetics in foxtail millet. Springer, Singapore. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7232-6_15.
Lee, M. 1998. DNA Markers for Detecting Genetic Relationship Among Germplasm Revealed for Establishing Heterotic Groups. Presented at the Maize Training Course, CIMMYT, Texcoco, Mexico, August 25, 1998.
Liu T, He J, Dong K, Wang X, Zhang L, Ren R, Huang S, Sun X, Pan W, Wang W, Yang P, Yang T, Zhang Z. 2022. Genome-wide identification of quantitative trait loci for morpho-agronomic and yield-related traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) across multi-environments. Mol Genet Genomics 297(3): 873–888. DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01894-2.
Lv, Z., Yang, Y., Hou, H., Yang, S., Cui, Z., Zhang, X., Li, J., Yuan, Y., Liu, M. and Feng, B., 2025. Genetic diversity analysis of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) germplasm resources based on phenotypic traits and SSR markers. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, p.1649200.
Mantel, N. 1967. The Ditection of Disease Clustering and A Generalized Regression Approach. Cancer Res. 27:209-220.
Muis A, Pabendon MB, Nonci N, Waskito SPW. 2013. Keragaman genetik Peronosclerospora maydis penyebab bulai pada jagung berdasarkan analisis marka SSR. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 32(3): 139–147. DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v32n3.2013.p139-147.
Mohanan, M.M., Vijayakumar, A., Bang-Berthelsen, C.H., Mudnakudu-Nagaraju, K.K. and Shetty, R., 2025. Millets: Journey from an Ancient Crop to Sustainable and Healthy Food. Foods, 14(10), p.1733.
Nadeem F, Ahmad Z, Ul Hassan M, Wang R, Diao X, Li X. 2020. Adaptation of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) to abiotic stresses: A special perspective of responses to nitrogen and phosphate limitations. Front Plant Sci 11: 187. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00187.
Nagaraja, T.E., Parveen, S.G., Aruna, C., Hariprasanna, K., Singh, S.P., Singh, A.K., Joshi, D.C., Joshi, P., Tomar, S.M.S., Talukdar, A. and Kumar, S., 2024. Millets and pseudocereals: A treasure for climate resilient agriculture ensuring food and nutrition security. Indian journal of genetics and plant breeding, 84(01), pp.1-37.
Nei, M. 1987. Estimation of Average Heterozygosity and Genetic Distance from a Small Number of Individuals: Genetic. 89:583-590.
Palakurthi, R., Poli, Y., Juturu, V.N., Gunti, M., Buchanapalli, S.K., Puli, C.O.R., Araveeti, M.R., Chagam Venkata, C.M.R. and Akila, C.S., 2023. Molecular genetic and taxonomical relationship among selected Setaria species using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR’s) and microsatellite (SSRs) markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 70(3), pp.903-917.
Pabendon MB, Azrai M, Mejaya MJ, Sutrisno. 2008. Keragaman genetik inbrida jagung QPM dan normal berbasis marka mikrosatelit dan hubungannya dengan penampilan hibrida. Jurnal AgroBiogen 4(2): 77–82.
Ramlah R, Pabendon MB, Daryono BS. 2020. Local food diversification of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) cultivars in West Sulawesi, Indonesia: A case study of diversity and local culture. Biodiversitas 21(1): 67–73. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210110.
Rohlf, F.J., and David L. Fisher. 1968. Test for Hierarchical Structure in Random Data Sets. Systematic Zool. 17:407-412.
Rohlf, F.J. 2000. NTSYS-pc Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System Version 2.1. Applied Biostatistics Inc., New York.
Salgotra, R.K. and Chauhan, B.S., 2023. Genetic diversity, conservation, and utilization of plant genetic resources. Genes, 14(1), p.174.
Sandhu KS, Karaoglu H, Zhang P, Park RF. 2015. Simple sequence repeat markers support the presence of a single genotype of Puccinia psidii in Australia. Plant Pathol 65(7): 1084–1094. DOI: 10.1111/ppa.12501.
Sher, A., Nawaz, A., Sarfraz, M., Ijaz, M., Ul-Allah, S., Sattar, A., Hussain, S. and Ahmad, S., 2019. Advanced production technologies of millets. In Agronomic Crops: Volume 1: Production Technologies (pp. 273-296). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Singh RK, Muthamilarasan M, Prasad M. 2017. Foxtail millet: An introduction. In: Prasad M (ed). The foxtail millet genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 1–12. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65617-5_1.
Siswati, A., Basuki, N., dan Sugiharto A. 2015. Karakterisiasi Beberapa Galur Inbrida Jagung Pakan (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman vol.3 no.1: 19-26.
Smith JS, Kresovich S, Hopkins MS, Mitchell SE, Dean RE, Woodman WL, Lee M, Porter K. 2000. Genetic diversity among elite sorghum inbred lines assessed with simple sequence repeats. Crop Sci 40(1): 226–232. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2000.401226x.
Syahruddin K, Azrai M, Pabendon MB, Abid M, Nur A. 2021. Keragaman genetik koleksi plasma nutfah jewawut sister line dan lokal menggunakan marka SSR. Jurnal Kultivasi 20(3): 213–220. DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v20i3.34843.
Sutoro, Lestari P, Risliawati A, Nugroho K, Iriany RN. 2017. Evaluasi keragaman genetik jagung inbrida berdasarkan sepuluh marka simple sequence repeat. Jurnal AgroBiogen 13(2): 83–90. DOI: 10.21082/jabb.v13n2.2017.p83-90.
Thatcher, S.A., 2015. DNA/RNA preparation for molecular detection. Clinical chemistry, 61(1), pp.89-99.
Yadaf CB, Prasad M. 2017. Transposable elements in Setaria genomes. In: Prasad M (ed). The foxtail millet genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 43–55. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65617-5_3.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/agrovital.v10i2.6781
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 105 times | 
PDF - 51 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Alamat Penyunting & Distribusi:
Kantor Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Al Asyariah Mandar Sulbar
Jl. Budi Utomo No. 2 Manding Polewali Mandar
Telp/Fax: (0428) 21038
Email: agrovitalfip@gmail.com
Website: https://journal.lppm-unasman.ac.id/index.php/agrovital/index
Penerbit:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Al Asyariah Mandar
Indexed by:
Member of:
Mitra Asosiasi:
Agrovital is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.